The part of concrete directly along the wall is your foundation wall. They used the wall itself as the pour stop for the floor. Poor soil preparation and compaction has caused the slab to settle. As said before you can either use self-leveling compound to infill or remove and replace the slab making sure to prep the sub-base proper the second time around.
If there is a crawl space below this and the crack has a significant vertical change, then call a structural engineer to review for potential structural defficiencies. If there is a cral space and the crack has no vertical change then is from the floor deflection fighting against the rigid wall and causing a crack at the fulcrum point.