Remodeling - best order for projects

Just to muddy the waters, I'll throw in my two cents. I always remove old baseboards before replacing a floor because I think using quarter round looks cheap. And if you're going to go to the trouble of removing and reinstalling baseboard, you may as well buy new ones (taller ones look better and will cover the outlines of the old ones).

I think Gymshu is right, it's easy to scuff the paint when doing other reno. I'd do the ceiling first then trim out the corners, doorframes etc. with a brush. Then put in the floor. Once the floor is in throw down a dropcloth and roll the walls. Put in the baseboards last to hide the edges of the new floor without quarter round. Since you will put in the baseboards last you won't need to trim at the floor...just make sure you roll low enough to get under the baseboards.

I think painted cabinets can look nice and give life to an old kitchen. If you have hardwood (or wood-like laminate) it can provide some needed contrast instead of brown on brown. Watch some videos on how to properly paint cabinets. Take your time preparing the surface and use a quality paint. If you don't have quality hardware, upgrade to something nice. Replace cheapo hinges with soft close adjustable hinges and make all the doors plumb and level. These subtle adjustments go along way to making cabinets look and feel new. That all being said, if the existing cabinets are of low quality, invest in new ones before installing the granite. If you're painting the kitchen too, trim out the walls while the granite is out...this will save you some taping. Backsplash can't be installed until after the granite goes in. Finish painting after the backsplash to clean things up, then caulk the perimeter of the tile.

Painting and upgrading the cabinets will be easier and more thorough if you do it after the old countertops come out. This would be the very first thing I do, then jump over to the living room for a few days and let that cabinet paint cure before proceeding in the kitchen. After a few hours the paint will be dry, but still soft and easily damaged. Let it harden.

Have fun!

Painting, baseboards and flooring before you move in.
Be sure to paint the insides of all closets while they're empty.
Since you only have two weeks, save the kitchen for after you
move in.

If the cabinets are in excellent condition, then consider
painting them. I would splurge and get a professional painter
for the kitchen cabinets. (this coming from an avid DiY'er)
Although I have painted small pieces of furniture and cabinets,
I would definitely opt for a pro for the cabinets.

Don't rush it, you'll be living with it for a long time, be happy
with your choices.

I'm assuming that after your discharge you will have two weeks without many distractions to complete the work. If this is true, two weeks is ample time to complete the projects.

Remove all base molding from the all areas that will get new flooring. Tape off all other base as well as any crown and door/window trim. Paint the ceiling and walls after making any necessary patches, etc. Paint the the trim next. If reusing base, make any repairs and paint before installation. If using new base, paint ahead of time as well.

Next comes the flooring. Then install either new or original base. Personally, I would replace the cabinets if I were spending the money on granite tops (might make a big difference in resale). In which case I would remove the base cabinets before installing new flooring. In any case, I would do anything and everything to the cabinets before adding new tops. Base cabinets are easier to refinish/paint without a top, so I would at least remove the old tops first. Finally, after everything else is done to the cabinets and tops, add the back splash.

Hope this helps and thanks for serving!