The box only needs to be fan rated if it provides the sole support for the fan. It sounds like the bracket screws into a framing member and not the box.
Some plastic fan boxes also have a metal plate above the box to provide support.
I suspect you have a box that straddles a joist. A pic would confirm this.
Some plastic fan boxes also have a metal plate above the box to provide support.
I suspect you have a box that straddles a joist. A pic would confirm this.