Yes, neutral is NOT ground. Current flows in loops. Neutral is the normal return side of the loop (like the hydraulic return line, but its "pull" is equally important as the hot line's "push".) Because neutral can have "pressure", it's insulated. Ground is more like the drip tray that catches the fluid that has gone awry and routes it to a collection drum.
You correctly surmised that switches don't need neutral but do need a switched-hot. Code requires we make white the always-hot (so you can "always" sense voltage on it with a tester, which clarifies that it is not neutral), and we use black for switched-hot. Since 2000-ish you are supposed to put black tape on white wires used this way. Since 2011 you must also bring actual neutral to the switch to power smart switches, so now you use black for hot and red for switched-hot.