Greg,
Yes to get the door swing into the corner you need a RH swing (covered umpteen times)
I am curious why you ar einstalling the door is it so that you can shut down the upstairs without having to heat and cool it unless necessary? As far as the landing yes that is what the code reads but I am guessing the origional condition of the home had a door so you would not be violating the code by reinstalling the doorway after all it was just taken out right? It is not the safest arrangement by any means and if you can avoid it I would but if it is something you have to have then knock yourself out. I tis hard to tell from the photo but the bottom tread looks awfully tight to where the door would be so you might want to rethink the doorway.
Also by looking at the picture I am seeing a possibility that the railing does not have returns on it? If it does not have returns and if you are redoing the home I would make sure I put returns on the new railing. Returns prevent a rode sleeve or loose fitting clothing from hooking on the open unreturned end and taking a tumble down the stairs and in the older homes that is a very steep fall to take.
I would look through the house and attempt to find the origional design of the woodwork. I think I know what the design is and I think you explained it well. The mopboard though do not usually have the shoe on the top it usually runs along the floor line and depending on the craftsman that origionally trimmed the house and how ornate the mops were done there was either no detail on top or an ogeee style trim piece on top, again that would depend on the architecture of your home as it could be a toss up with that period of home. I know that you metioned you were going for the "not crappy" look and so if you went with a simple flat stock mop with shoe in front it would be simple and classy at the same time. I am guessing that the house has been sectioned up and the origional architecture all i all lost and so now you could go with a paint grade material and save a few dollars again depending on your budget and where you want to take the house over the next few years.
Just like I said before the design process can go umpteen different directions depending on whether you are seeking to recreate the origional or get close while working within a budget.
Well enough gibberish for now and if there is anything else I can help with in person don't hesitate to ask.
**Ohh and good luck on the purchase and you could also add a pocket screw jig set up (Kreg mkes a good set up for not too much money for that cabinet kit) for the rails and stiles of the face frames.
Take care Greg!
James
Owner, Paragon Renovations
Fargo/ Moorhead
http://www.paragonrenovations.net/