Usually the cantilever is limited to 1/4 of total length so that looks like you are fine but i would think about making the edge beams out of 2x6 with shorter studs in the wall below.
You are supporting the corner, that requires a beam,a single is not a beam.I can do 5/8" plywood without any problem. I'm just curious why these bumpout sides get special attention. It doesn't seem like they are under any undue stress.
I had assumed a single 2x6 would be able to handle the downward load from the floor along an outside edge. Unlike the 4x4 beams in the middle of the floor, the 2x6 receives lots of center support from the wall studs. What am I missing here?