I am not a mason. I would waterproof the exterior wall where chimney was, then fill the hole to just overflowing, apply a waterproof plastic over the hole, overlap the chimney foundation sides, and up the wall a little. Apply a waterproof exterior foundation board over the blocks above grade. With it overlapping the plastic at bottom and z- flashing on top. Water should shed to past the chimney foundation where it never leaked before. The weak point being the plastic--- any thoughts, any one?
Be safe, G
Be safe, G